Deploy a K8s Cluster from Scratch to DCE 5.0 Community¶

This article covers the installation of DCE 5.0 Community from scratch in a 3-node cluster, including details on Kubernetes cluster, dependencies, networking, storage, and more considerations.

Cluster Planning¶

The example uses 3 UCloud VM instances with the following configurations: 8 cores and 16GB RAM.

The components used in this example are:

• Kubernetes: 1.25.8
• CRI: containerd (as Docker is no longer directly supported in newer versions of Kubernetes)
• CNI: Calico
• StorageClass: local-path
• DCE 5.0 Community: v0.18.1

Prepare Nodes¶

The following operations are necessary before installation.

Node Configuration¶

Perform the following steps on each of the 3 nodes.

1. Configure the hostname. Modify the hostname to avoid hostname conflicts.

   hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master01
   hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-work01
   hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-work02
   

   It is recommended to exit the SSH session after modifying the hostname and then log in again to display the new hostname.

2. Disable Swap

   swapoff -a
   sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
   

3. Disable Firewall (optional)

   systemctl stop firewalld
   systemctl disable firewalld
   

4. Set kernel parameters and enable iptables to handle bridged traffic

   Load the br_netfilter module:

   cat <<EOF | tee /etc/modules-load.d/kubernetes.conf
   br_netfilter
   EOF
   
   # Load the modules
   sudo modprobe overlay
   sudo modprobe br_netfilter
   

   Modify kernel parameters such as ip_forward and bridge-nf-call-iptables:

   cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
   net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
   net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
   net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
   EOF
   
   # Refresh the configuration
   sysctl --system
   

Install Container Runtime (containerd)¶

1. If using CentOS 8.x, uninstall the pre-installed Podman to avoid version conflicts.

   yum erase podman buildah -y
   

2. Install dependencies

   sudo cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
   sudo mkdir bak
   sudo mv CentOS-*.repo ./bak
   sudo curl -o CentOS-base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
   sudo yum clean all
   sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
   

3. Install containerd. You can use either the binary or yum package (yum package is maintained by the Docker community, and this example uses the yum package).

   sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
   sudo yum makecache
   yum install containerd.io -y
   ctr -v  # (1)!
   

   1. Verify the installed version, e.g., ctr containerd.io 1.6.20

4. Modify the containerd configuration file

   # Delete the default config.toml to avoid errors with kubeadm later on: CRI v1 runtime API is not implemented for endpoint
   mv /etc/containerd/config.toml /etc/containerd/config.toml.old
   
   # Reinitialize the configuration
   sudo containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
   
   # Update the configuration: Use systemd as the cgroup driver and replace the pause image address
   sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup\ =\ false/SystemdCgroup\ =\ true/' /etc/containerd/config.toml
   sed -i 's/k8s.gcr.io\/pause/k8s-gcr.m.daocloud.io\/pause/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml # Old pause address
   sed -i 's/registry.k8s.io\/pause/k8s-gcr.m.daocloud.io\/pause/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml
   sudo systemctl daemon-reload
   sudo systemctl restart containerd
   sudo systemctl enable containerd
   

5. Install CNI (optional)

   curl -JLO https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.2.0/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.2.0.tgz
   mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin && tar Cxzvf /opt/cni/bin cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.2.0.tgz
   

6. Install nerdctl (optional)

   curl -LO https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl/releases/download/v1.2.1/nerdctl-1.2.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
   tar xzvf nerdctl-1.2.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
   mv nerdctl /usr/local/bin
   nerdctl -n k8s.io ps # (1)!
   

   1. View containers

Install Kubernetes Cluster¶

Install Kubernetes Binary Components¶

Perform the following steps on all three nodes:

1. Install the Kubernetes software repository (using Aliyun's mirror for acceleration)

   cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
   [kubernetes]
   name=Kubernetes
   baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
   enabled=1
   gpgcheck=1
   repo_gpgcheck=1
   gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
   EOF
   

2. Set SELinux to permissive mode (equivalent to disabling it)

   sudo setenforce 0
   sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
   

3. Install Kubernetes components (use version 1.25.8 as an example)

   export K8sVersion=1.25.8
   sudo yum install -y kubelet-$K8sVersion
   sudo yum install -y kubeadm-$K8sVersion
   sudo yum install -y kubectl-$K8sVersion
   sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet
   

Install the First Master Node using kubeadm¶

1. Pre-download the images for faster installation using DaoCloud's image repository

   # Specify the Kubernetes version and pull the images
   kubeadm config images pull --image-repository k8s-gcr.m.daocloud.io --kubernetes-version=v1.25.8
   

2. Initialize the first node using kubeadm (using DaoCloud's image repository)

   Note

   The Pod CIDR should not overlap with the IP address range of the physical network of the host machine (this CIDR will need to be consistent with the Calico configuration in the future).

   sudo kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.25.8 --image-repository=k8s-gcr.m.daocloud.io --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16
   

   After about ten minutes, you will see the following successful output (remember to note down the kubeadm join command and the corresponding token, as they will be used later on.🔥)

   Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
   To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
   
   mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
   sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
   sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
   
   Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
   export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
   You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
   Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
   https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
   
   Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
   
   kubeadm join 10.23.207.16:6443 --token p4vw62.shjjzm1ce3fza6q7 \
   --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:cb1946b96502cbd2826c52959d0400b6e214e06cc8462cdd13c1cb1dc6aa8155
   

3. Configure the kubeconfig file for easier management of the cluster using kubectl

   mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
   sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
   sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
   kubectl get no # (1)!
   

   1. You will see the first node, but it will still be NotReady

4. Install CNI, using Calico as an example

   Please refer to the official installation guide for the correct installation method. Refer to the official Calico installation documentation

   1. Download the Calico deployment manifest:

      wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.1/manifests/calico.yaml
      

   2. Use the following command to accelerate image pulling:

      sed -i 's?docker.io?docker.m.daocloud.io?g' calico.yaml
      

   3. Install Calico using the following command:

      kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
      

   4. Wait for the deployment to succeed:

      kubectl get po -n calico-system -w # (1)!
      kubectl get no # (2)!
      

      1. Wait for all Pods to be Running
      2. You will see the first node become ready

   Note

   Before you install Calico, create a calico-system namespace in advance. Please refer to Create Namespace.

Add Additional Worker Nodes¶

Finally, execute the join command on the other worker nodes. When executing kubeadm init on the master node, the following command will be printed on the screen (note that all three parameters are environment-specific and should not be copied directly):

kubeadm join $IP_of_the_first_master:6443 --token p...7 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash s....x

After successfully joining, the output will be similar to:

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to the apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

On the master node, confirm that all nodes have been added and wait for them to become Ready.

kubectl get no -w

Install Default Storage CSI (Using Local Storage)¶

# Reference: https://github.com/rancher/local-path-provisioner
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rancher/local-path-provisioner/v0.0.24/deploy/local-path-storage.yaml
sed -i "s/image: rancher/image: docker.m.daocloud.io\/rancher/g" local-path-storage.yaml # (1)!
sed -i "s/image: busybox/image: docker.m.daocloud.io\/busybox/g" local-path-storage.yaml
kubectl apply -f local-path-storage.yaml
kubectl get po -n local-path-storage -w # (2)!

# Set local-path as the default StorageClass
kubectl patch storageclass local-path -p '{"metadata": {"annotations":{"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class":"true"}}}'
kubectl get sc # (3)!

1. Replace docker.io with the actual image
2. Wait for all Pods to be running
3. You will see something like: local-path (default)

Install DCE 5.0 Community¶

Now that everything is ready, let's install DCE 5.0 Community.

Install Basic Dependencies¶

curl -LO https://proxy-qiniu-download-public.daocloud.io/DaoCloud_Enterprise/dce5/install_prerequisite.sh
bash install_prerequisite.sh online community

Download dce5-installer¶

export VERSION=v0.18.1
curl -Lo ./dce5-installer https://proxy-qiniu-download-public.daocloud.io/DaoCloud_Enterprise/dce5/dce5-installer-$VERSION
chmod +x ./dce5-installer

Confirm the External Reachable IP Address of the Nodes¶

1. If your browser can directly access the IP address of the master node, no additional steps are required.

2. If the IP address of the master node is internal (e.g., in the case of public cloud instances in this example):

   • Create a publicly reachable IP address for it in the public cloud.
   • In the public cloud configuration, allow inbound and outbound traffic on port 32088 in the firewall rules for this host.
   • The above port 32088 is the NodePort port of kubectl -n istio-system get svc istio-ingressgateway.

   

Run the Installation¶

1. If your browser can directly access the IP address of the master node, run the following command:

   ./dce5-installer install-app -z
   

2. If the IP address of the master node is internal (e.g., in the case of public cloud instances in this example), make sure the external IP and firewall configuration mentioned above are ready, and then execute the following command:

   ./dce5-installer install-app -z -k $EXTERNAL_IP:32088
   

   Note: The above port 32088 is the NodePort port of kubectl -n istio-system get svc istio-ingressgateway.

3. Open the login page in your browser.

   

4. Log in to DCE 5.0 with the username admin and password changeme.

   

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